First Anglo-Maratha War (1775 – 1782)

First Anglo-Maratha War- Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who succeeded the third Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao after his death in 1761?
   a) Narayanrao
   b) Raghunathrao
   c) Madhavrao I
   d) Mahadji Shinde
2. How did Madhavrao I contribute to Maratha power after the Battle of Panipat?
   a) By signing treaties with the British
   b) By recovering lost territories
   c) By seeking French assistance
   d) By annexing British territories
3. What event led to a power struggle in the Maratha camp after Madhavrao I’s death?
   a) Third Battle of Panipat
   b) Treaty of Purandhar
   c) Treaty of Surat
   d) Treaty of Salbai
4. Why did Raghunathrao seek the help of the English during the power struggle?
   a) To defeat the French
   b) To secure Maratha territories
   c) To annex British territories
   d) To establish peace with the British
5. What territories were ceded by Raghunathrao to the English according to the Treaty of Surat in 1775?
   a) Pune and Mumbai
   b) Salsette and Bassein
   c) Panipat and Wadgaon
   d) Gwalior and Delhi
6. How did the British Calcutta Council respond to the Treaty of Surat, and what was the outcome of the subsequent battle?
   a) Annulled the treaty; British victory
   b) Upheld the treaty; Maratha victory
   c) Modified the treaty; Stalemate
   d) Ignored the treaty; French intervention
7. Which Maratha minister signed the Treaty of Purandhar with the Calcutta Council in 1776?
   a) Madhavrao I
   b) Nana Phadnavis
   c) Mahadji Shinde
   d) Narayanrao
8. What was the result of the Battle at Wadgaon in 1779?
   a) Maratha victory
   b) British victory
   c) Stalemate
   d) Treaty signing
9. What significant action by Nana Phadnavis in 1777 led to British advancement towards Pune?
   a) Treaty with the French
   b) Treaty with the Portuguese
   c) Treaty with the Dutch
   d) Treaty with the Spanish
10. Which treaty marked the end of the first Anglo-Maratha war in 1782?
    a) Treaty of Purandhar
    b) Treaty of Salbai
    c) Treaty of Surat
    d) Treaty of Wadgaon

Answers

1. c) Madhavrao I
2. b) By recovering lost territories
3. a) Third Battle of Panipat
4. b) To secure Maratha territories
5. b) Salsette and Bassein
6. a) Annulled the treaty; British victory
7. b) Nana Phadnavis
8. a) Maratha victory
9. a) Treaty with the French
10. b) Treaty of Salbai

First Anglo-Maratha War- Questions-Set 2

1. What territories did the East India Company retain after the First Anglo-Maratha War?
   a) Pune and Mumbai
   b) Salsette and Broach
   c) Panipat and Wadgaon
   d) Gwalior and Delhi
2. What guarantee did the East India Company obtain from the Marathas in the aftermath of the war?
   a) Guarantee to annex French territories
   b) Guarantee to retake possessions from Hyder Ali
   c) Guarantee to support British expansion
   d) Guarantee to establish peace with the French
3. What promise did the Marathas make regarding territories and the French after the war?
   a) To grant more territories to the French
   b) To annex British territories
   c) Not to grant any more territories to the French
   d) To support the French against the British
4. What was the agreed-upon pension for Raghunathrao after the war?
   a) Rs.1 lakh every year
   b) Rs.2 lakh every year
   c) Rs.3 lakh every year
   d) Rs.4 lakh every year
5. What happened to the territories taken by the British after the Treaty of Purandhar in the post-war settlement?
   a) Retained by the British
   b) Ceded back to the Marathas
   c) Handed over to the French
   d) Annexed by Hyder Ali
6. Who was accepted as the Peshwa by the English after the war?
   a) Narayanrao
   b) Raghunathrao
   c) Madhavrao I
   d) Madhavrao II

Answers

1. b) Salsette and Broach
2. b) Guarantee to retake possessions from Hyder Ali
3. c) Not to grant any more territories to the French
4. c) Rs.3 lakh every year
5. b) Ceded back to the Marathas
6. d) Madhavrao II

First Anglo-Maratha War (1775 – 1782)- NCERT Notes

Background and Course

• Third Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao died in 1761 after the Third Battle of Panipat.
• His son Madhavrao I succeeded him and reclaimed some lost Maratha power and territories.
• English perceived the growing Maratha strength.
• After Madhavrao I’s death, power struggle between his brother Narayanrao and uncle Raghunathrao for Peshwa position.
• Treaty of Surat (1775): Raghunathrao ceded Salsette and Bassein to English in exchange for 2500 soldiers.
• British and Raghunathrao’s army attacked Peshwa, resulting in British victory.
• Warren Hastings annulled the Treaty of Surat; new Treaty of Purandhar (1776) signed with Nana Phadnavis, limiting Raghunathrao’s influence.
• Violation of the treaty by the British at Bombay sheltering Raghunathrao.
• 1777: Nana Phadnavis granted a port on the west coast to the French.
• British advanced towards Pune, leading to the Battle of Wadgaon where Marathas, led by Mahadji Shinde, secured victory.
• Treaty of Wadgaon (1779): English forced to sign due to Maratha victory.
• Series of battles ensued, culminating in the Treaty of Salbai (1782): Ending the First Anglo-Maratha War.

Results of the First Anglo-Maratha War

• The East India Company retained control over Salsette and Broach.
• A guarantee from the Marathas that they would reclaim their possessions in the Deccan from Hyder Ali of Mysore.
• Marathas committed not to grant any additional territories to the French.
• Raghunathrao was to receive an annual pension of Rs. 3 lakh.
• All territories acquired by the British after the Treaty of Purandhar were ceded back to the Marathas.
• Acceptance of Madhavrao II (son of Narayanrao) as the Peshwa by the English.